Scientific naming is essential for cataloguing organisms and avoiding confusion caused by varying common names across regions. Traditional taxonomy classifies organisms based on morphological, anatomical, physiological, and behavioural traits, organizing them into hierarchical categories- kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. This system follows Linnaean taxonomy, established by Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century. However, traditional taxonomy is time-consuming, requiring expert analysis and meticulous specimen observation. Challenges such as phenotypic variation, cryptic species, and convergent evolution complicate organism identification
DNA barcoding streamlines identification using genomic sequences, functioning like a product barcode that provides information upon scanning. This method is widely used in biodiversity studies, conservation, ecology, and medicine.DNA barcoding relies on a reference database of DNA sequences from known species, with the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) serving as the primary barcode for animals. Advances in sequencing technologies and bioinformatics have made DNA barcoding more efficient, reliable, and accessible. When integrated with taxonomy and phylogenetics, it enhances the understanding of species identity and evolution.Unlike traditional taxonomy, DNA barcoding requires no expert knowledge or morphological examination, allowing identification at any life stage or from any part of an organism. It helps recognize morphologically similar or cryptic species, discover new species, and authenticate biological products.
No, DNA barcoding complements but does not replace traditional taxonomy. It enhances classification accuracy but still relies on high-quality reference databases built on taxonomic research.